The fifth National Family Health Survey 2019-21 (NFHS-5) conducted by the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of India, provides extensive insights on population, health and nutrition at the country and state/union territory level and even the estimates at the district level. The survey touches on over 130 parameters across 21 sub-categories, with some specific to women and children and others aimed at a broader population. It also provides a comparison of the performance of the urban and rural population. For the first time, the sex ratio of the total population (females per 1,000 males) crossed the four-figure mark. It stood at 1,020 females per 1,000 males vis-à-vis 991 in NFHS-4 conducted in 2015-16. This is a significant achievement and success of the government measures against the practice of female infanticide. A major contribution towards this achievement is the enactment of Pre-Natal Diagnostic Technique (PNDT) Act, 1994, which prohibits sex selection and the mi...